The Austrian city of Graz is influencing mobility behaviour by signing contracts with property developers. These contracts allow developers to undershoot the parking standards for building off-street parking spaces (currently 1 parking space per apartment) if several conditions are fulfilled. Conditions such as easy access to public transport, nearby shared mobility options like car-sharing, incentives for the use of bicycles including bicycle parking facilities, or cargo-bike sharing to name only a few.

These measures provide a more balanced choice of alternative modes but also help to reduce construction costs and land requirements which can also help reduce the price of new dwellings, leading to more affordable housing.