Fiscal incentives can be an important tool in encouraging the transition from the private car to more sustainable modes such as cycling or public transport. However, it is important to understand how current incentives work in making the use of certain modes of mobility more or less attractive, and how optimal systems of incentives can be designed to achieve objectives.

The European Cyclists' Federation (ECF) has produced a report for decision-makers at European and national levels, evaluating the effects of current incentive and tax schemes and how they would need to be amended to support a broad shift to walking, cycling or public transport use.

The report highlights examples of current best practice, and gives detailed recommendations for policies in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

See below to download the report. For more information, visit the ECF's website.

Photo by MarkA / CC BY-SA-NC